Electrical Ideal Transformer -Electronicsinfos

What are Ideal Electrical Transformers?

An ideal transformer is a type of transformer in which there are no losses occur. This is an ideal case of the transformer but in reality, there are no transformers that exist. The Efficiency of the Ideal Transformer is 100% which means 

Input power = Output power

The ideal transformer is a useful model because it allows engineers to analyze the behavior of real transformers in a simplified way, and to design transformers that approach the ideal model as closely as possible.

However, no transformer can truly achieve perfect efficiency and no losses, and real transformers are subject to various types of losses, such as core losses, copper losses, and leakage losses.

In the figure, a transformer is shown in which primary winding is connected with v1 and secondary winding is connected with v2

Principle of Ideal Transformer

The ideal Transformer consists of Pure Inductive Coils that wind in the core with zero losses.

The Primary coil of the transformer is connected with Alternating Voltage V1 and the secondary is open. Due to this potential difference, the alternating current flows in the primary which is called magnetizing current Iu. The purpose of Iu is just to magnetise the core.

The value of magnetising current is very low and it lags behind 90° with V1. This Magnetising Current Iu produces alternating flux ф Which is in Direct relation with Iu. 

This flux ф because of the alternating nature of its links with the primary and secondary coil and produced self-induced EMF in both coils. This Emf E1

is equal to and opposite the V1 which is also called back Emf of the primary winding.

Same as E2 produced in the secondary windings which are called Mutually induced EMF. E2 is opposite to V1 and their quantity is dependent on the change of flux and number of secondary turns.

In Image, you see E1 is Opposite to V1 and E2 is Equal to V2. The magnetising current Iu is In phase with Main Flux and their quantity is also the same.

Conclusion

An ideal transformer is a theoretical concept used in electrical engineering to simplify the study of real transformers. It assumes no losses, meaning no resistance, infinite permeability, and no leakage flux.

Faqs(Frequently Asked Questions)

What are the key equations for an ideal transformer?

The primary equation is the voltage transformation ratio, which is the ratio of the primary voltage to the secondary voltage and is equal to the ratio of the number of turns in the primary coil to the number of turns in the secondary coil

  V1/V2 = N1/N2 

Similarly, the current transformation ratio is the inverse of the turns ratio

I2/I1 = N1/N2  

What is the significance of an ideal transformer in practical applications?

By assuming zero losses and perfect flux linkage, engineers can simplify complex calculations and focus on the core principles of transformer operation. 

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